Twice in recent weeks open source projects have surprised me with their lack of openness. In both cases, developers acted or spoke out in such a way as to intentionally push other developers away from their work.
The first incident originated with KDE's Oxygen project, an icon redesign on track for inclusion in KDE 4. Oxygen designer David Vignoni expressed his disapproval that someone outside the project team put together a theme package incorporating the project's publicly accessible icons. He asked the theme packager to remove the Oxygen icons. Commenters on his blog cheered.
A few days later, Wade Olson of KDE's Marketing Working Group attacked the theme packager in his own blog post, calling the second-hand theme morally suspect and a violation of the Social Contract. Commenters on his blog cheered as well, and soon began to attack the theme packager in comments on the theme's page at the art portal gnome-look.org.
The Oxygen icon set was available under two licenses: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0, or GNU LGPL. Both permit reuse by others. The icons themselves were available via public Subversion repository. There was no license violation or misappropriation, a fact that both Vignoni and Olson affirmed.
Criticism of the second-hand icon theme centered on the notion that the Oxygen project proper should get to release the icons first -- since the official Oxygen theme wasn't dubbed a public release yet, no one else should be allowed to publicly release them either. As one commenter put it, "What about the people who spend two years of work on this? Should not they have the right to publish it in their project before you copy it?"
But the answer is a clear and resounding "no." When you choose to place your work on a publicly accessible server, and when you decide to place it under a free software license, you give up the right to control what other people do with it.
The secondary complaint -- that it is wrong to release the icons before the project declares them "ready" -- is entirely incompatible with the "release early, release often" philosophy. Artwork is no different from executable code in either regard.
The fact that free software licenses and the open source development model force everyone to relinquish that level of control is intentional, and is key to making community-driven development work.
The second incident cropped up in the GIMP's User Interface Redesign effort. When I researched the GIMP UI brainstorm in October, I was struck by the stark "us" versus "them" language used in the project.
The project's wiki repeatedly makes the distinction between the team and everyone else. Creation of new accounts is disabled, so that only the team can make changes.
Under the heading "got ideas?," where you would normally expect an open source project to invite participation, interested parties are instead directed to submit their comments to the GIMP UI brainstorm. "It is moderated by our team, we listen to what you show us and broaden our horizons."
But that absence of an open invitation to contribute is topped by direct rejection. In August, an excited would-be participant learned about the project and wrote to the gimp-developer mailing list volunteering to help. GIMP UI Redesign team leader Peter Sikking replied, saying, "I am afraid that I do not have positions open at the moment."
Elsewhere in that same message, and in other posts to gimp-developer, Sikking's comments back up the notion that he regards the GIMP UI redesign as his team's project and his team's alone, and that that team has no room for anyone else.
Clearly the team members are qualified, but refusing to entertain even the possibility that there are other individuals with worthwhile contributions flies in the face of free software and open source ideals. It is Cathedral thinking, not Bazaar.
Free software acknowledges Bill Joy's Law -- that no matter who you are, most of the smartest people work somewhere else -- and opens up the development process for the express purpose of subverting it.
The root of both problems is an unwillingness to commit to a truly open development process.
That is explicitly clear in the GIMP UI case, but perhaps less so in the Oxygen case. What directly sparked the ire of the Vignoni and Olson was that an unapproved person did something with the icons. And the distinction between approved and unapproved people stems from Oxygen's "restricted to us" team of artists.
Through the Internet Archive's Wayback Machine, you can examine the Oxygen project's site all the way back to 2005. Ever since the beginning, two things have remained unchanged: the only images available are "previews" licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs, and the team does not invite outside participation.
Contrast that with the Tango project, which invites participation openly -- in multiple places on its Web site, and through multiple avenues. Contrast the GIMP UI redesign with the GIMP project as a whole, which invites and receives patches, bug reports, and ideas from scores of outsiders.
Which is the way it is supposed to work: software freedom doesn't begin and end in the COPYING file; it applies to the whole process.
No matter what the Oxygen and GIMP UI teams may think, opening up to outside participation makes a team stronger, not weaker. And it is a key part of the philosophy that created the open source software movement. Listening to other people's ideas -- love 'em or hate 'em -- is not optional.
By all objective standards, Vignoni and the other Oxygen artists are doing beautiful artwork, and Sikking and his team have done excellent work pushing the GIMP's interface in a better direction. But by restricting their respective processes, they are hurting themselves and others. They hurt themselves by shutting out good ideas and by losing available manpower, and hurt others by preventing cross-pollination and by discouraging newcomers from helping out.
I have no doubt that Sikking meant no harm when he told that volunteer on gimp-developer that his help wasn't needed. I have talked to Sikking and he is a sincere and hard worker. But that volunteer stopped writing to gimp-developer. Tell me: was driving him away worth it? I don't think so.
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That said, I very much disagree with where the previous commenter actually found the problem. The problem with the icon theme IS NOT that it is meant for the gnome desktop (or that it was packaged by a person outside the project). The problem is that the theme is immature and unfinished and this might give the original artists a bad reputation. F.e. see what happened with KDE 4 --- the project released a beta version which was quite unpolished and a lot of people started complaining about the quality of the work and even made a lot of, in my opinion, rude comments. I am not surprised if some people (the oxygen artists) want to avoid this. I am more surprised that a lot of the developers still develop in the open. If we (the users) keep forgeting about civility and only concern ourselves with what is legal, then it might well happen, that the developers will get fed up and close up the development. And that would be unfortunate, although perfectly understandable. Jonathan Verner
So, are you going to criticise Linus and the 'closed' development process of the Linux kernel as well? Believe me, you don't want me to have full and un-fettered access to Git to make any old changes I like, I don't have a clue! FOSS may be open to view and open to copy and use and fork, but it is also a meritocracy, you have to prove you're good enough to contribute, usually by starting at the bottom and working your way up. Don't like it, then start your own project or fork. Ever considered the GIMP guys may have had more people working on it than they could properly coordinate or were so far advanced in the process that adding someone else would actually slow things down? Ever heard of the mythical man month?
On the icons, the artists had a vision they were trying to realise, and were asking people to wait until their work was completed before distributing them. Imagine how Shakespeare or da Vinci would feel if they invited you into their studio for a sneak peek at their creative process, and in return you started distributing rough incomplete copies of their works before they had finished? Just because you have the right to do something doesn't mean you always should. If you want to be part of the FOSS community, then there's certain unwritten rules you should follow when participating in the community, or benefitting from the works of the community, the primary one being respect for the people who are giving up their personal time and effort for your benefit. Show them the repsect their efforts deserve, respect their simple wishes, and they will continue to contribute and help grow the community. Treat them with selfish contempt or righteous expectation and you risk driving them away and losing the benefit of their efforts.
Most people here seem to be acting like he just did a straight port of Oxygen and abandoned it, hes been making changes, adding bug fixes for things that crop up and trying to improve things all around. Also please spare me the "freshness" part, they still aren't even final..so how can he reasonably spoil the "freshness" when they are publicly available and will likely be changed in any case?
Can't argue with anything you said, it's all correct. But I got the sense from the author that this potential contributor was being turned away before finding out what his contribution even was, and that could discourage potential contributors who could do a lot for Gimp and other projects as well. Maybe they need to set up a page explaining what's the best way to help? Or what qualifications the potential contributor should have? Actually this brings up an interesting line of thought, open source projects posting online job ad-style `jobs' on their site, seeking volunteer contributors e.g.:
Looking for coder to implement CMYK in Gimp. Must have experience in C and GDI, Cairo and OpenGL [& other technologies]. Experience of 2 yrs working in a software company is preferred. Must collaborate well with others online. If you think you are qualified, send us a technical spec, maximum 5 pages (A4, Times 12pt), explaining how you would go about the task. Compensation: the satisfaction of working on an open source project like the Gimp, reputation in the software (esp. paint software) industry. Contact us now!
I agree about the gimp as well as
desperately wanting to use linux (for
multimedia work in my case).
Have you tried Krita? I'd be curious
to see how it fares in your opinion,
am yet to try it myself, but it looks
promising for design and photo work.
Nathan,
when I read your point of view, you nearly had me to come around and think "The guy is right."
(I little bit I also was disturbed: disturbed about your attitude. You are a journalist, right? You have never released a piece of self-written code to the public [shell scripts I won't let count], right? So how come you do dare to attempt in an extremely scholarly, arrogant, from-above way to teach real Open Source developers about Open Source traditions and methods ?!?)
Then I went and read the blogs you were refering to. The picture changed. The Oxygen guys are completely right. You are not. You mis-represented them and their attitude.
You are a journalist, right?
Well, in the future I'll consume, not with 1, but with 10 grains of salt, whatever I read penned by you. You did yourself a dis-service with that piece. (Your publisher may be pleased with the surge of additional hits you created with your utterings. Was that the main intention? If so, don't use that recipe too often. It won't work any more after a few repetitions....)
Yours,
Kurt Pfeifle
Let us read what the blog says...
We have always tried to keep Oxygen icons only on SVN, we asked people using them here in there to kindly remove in name of the freshness of upcoming KDE 4. But we knew that in the end, scripts, rip-offs etc were impossible to control.
Yes, "in [the] name of the freshness"! The thing is that if you're collaborating with others, which you do automatically when producing Free Software/Art/Content, you can't insist on a total experience, Apple-style, maintaining "the freshness" so that consumers get herded around from one pen to the next with their jaws wide open purring about how sensory it all is. And using terms like "rip-off" is totally inappropriate unless the people redistributing the work have failed to uphold their obligations under the licence; to do so fails to distinguish between the legitimate rights of others as granted by the owners of the work and the rights of the owners themselves: a tactic straight out of the proprietary content industry's public relations manual.
When open source projects close the process, something's wrong
Posted by: Anonymous [ip: 62.78.150.156] on November 03, 2007 01:43 PMIf the meaning of Oxygen's artwork is to express the greatness of the KDE desktop, then using them inside GNOME might well be a moral rights violation, as a "mis-use" of the protected work. IANAL though.
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